Simulation data:

1) Bolam model (version 2014) horizontal resolution 0.075 degrees in rotated coordinates (about 8 km), 50 atmospheric levels
2) Moloch model (version 2014) horizontal resolution 0.014 degrees in rotated coordinates (about 1.5 km), 50 atmospheric levels
3) IFS-ECMWF (Cycle 41r1) horizontal resolution 0.25 degrees, 91 atmospheric levels
4) Cosmo-I7 model horizontal resolution 0.065 degrees in rotated coordinates (about 7 km), 40 atmospheric levels
5) Cosmo-I2 model horizontal resolution 0.025 degrees in rotated coordinates (about 2.8 km), 45 atmospheric levels

Observation data:

WMO GTS, Synop-Land, ECMWF archive
Data at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 UTC

2 sets of observation points:

Stations in the whole Bolam domain (about 3000 points)

Italian stations (about 150 points)

Time series of errors as a function of forecast term

Errors in observation points for various forecast terms